material other than water, aggregates and cement that is used as an ingredient of concrete and is added to the mix to adjust the plastic and hardened properties of the concrete
slump
a measure of consistency of freshly mixed concrete
floating
process of using a tool, usually wood or magnesium, in finishing operations to create a relatively even but still open texture to a fresh concrete surface
bull float
a tool comprising a large, flat, rectangular piece of wood or magnesium attached with a long handle used to smooth unformed surfaces of freshly placed concrete
screeding
the operation of forming a surface by the use of screed guides or a strike off
wet screed
placing concrete on finish grade across two known points of elevation (called wet screeds)
concrete
composition of a binding medium and aggregate; commonly consists of a mixture of cement, aggregate, water and admixtures in varying proportions; mixture is worked into a plastic state and gains hardness through the hydration of water with the cement
exposed aggregate
surface texture where cement paste is washed away from concrete slab surface to expose durable aggregates for the surface
high performance concrete
contains cementitious materials such as fly ash, silica fume, blast furnace slag and super plasticizer
green concrete
concrete that has undergone final setting but not hardened appreciably
topping
a layer of concrete placed to form a floor surface on a concrete base
cement
binder of aggregate particles
formwork
a temporary structure or mould for the support of concrete while it is setting and gaining sufficient strength to be self-supporting
consolidate
compaction usually accomplished by vibration of newly placed concrete to minimum practical volume, to mould it within form shapes or around embedded parts and reinforcement, and to reduce void content to a practical minimum
grout
a mixture of cementitious material or other binding material with or without water or aggregate, proportioned to produce a pourable consistency without segregation of the constituents
curing
the maintenance of a satisfactory moisture content and temperature in concrete during its early stages so that desired properties may develop
hardener
a material applied to concrete floors to reduce wearing and dusting
bleed water
excess water which rises to the surface of concrete
scaling
surface flaking of concrete
spalling
pieces of concrete that have broken away
crazing
small cracks in a concrete surface caused by uneven contraction during hydration
grade sheet
a table that provides cut and fill elevations for finished grading
aggregate
granular material, such as sand, gravel, crushed stone or recycled concrete aggregates used with cement to produce concrete
construction joint
the junction of two successive placements of concrete, typically with a keyway or reinforcement across the joint
expansion joint
an isolation joint that allows for expansion and contraction
contraction/control joint
a joint cut to control cracking in concrete
isolation joint
a joint that prevents bonding of surfaces
cementitious material
substances that have cementing properties (set and harden in the presence of water)
honeycomb
concrete that, due to lack of the proper consolidation, contains interconnected large voids or cavities
plastic
a condition of freshly mixed concrete such that it is readily remoldable, workable and cohesive
darby float
a hand manipulated straight edge usually 3-5 feet long used in the early stage leveling operation of concrete
overlay
the addition of a new material layer onto an existing surface
retarder
a product that delays the setting of concrete
saturated surface
dry (SSD)
condition of an aggregate particle or other porous solid when the permeable voids are filled with water but there is no water on the exposed surface
segregation
separation of various ingredients within a concrete mix
burlap
a coarse fabric of jute, hemp, or less commonly flax, for use as a water-retaining cover for curing concrete surfaces
saw cut
a cut in hardened concrete utilizing diamond or silicone-carbide blades or discs
